Practice question
On a lawfully delegable executive matter, an agency has two documents: an unauthorized deputy’s earlier letter and a later express decision of the Executive Secretary acting by authority of the President. A challenger says the later decision must be ignored because the first document came from a deputy. Assume no substantive illegality or personal-prerogative restriction. Which assessment best reflects PIDS?
- Every later authorized act is void because an earlier deputy acted
- Every deputy is automatically the President’s alter ego
- Neither document may ever be examined
- The later authorized Executive Secretary decision must be evaluated in its own presidential-authority capacity rather than automatically invalidated by the earlier letter
- A private contractor may choose which official has power
Legal references
- Philippine Institute for Development Studies v. COA, G.R. No. 212022, August 20, 2019, main decision: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/65612
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