Practice question
For a permanent career civil-service employee, which requirement governs disciplinary suspension or dismissal under Section 46(a) of the Administrative Code?
- Political disagreement with the incumbent administration is always enough
- A superior's personal displeasure automatically suffices
- No legal cause is needed if salary is withheld
- There must be cause provided by law and due process
- Presidential appointment eliminates all tenure protection
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article IX-B, Section 2(3), civil-service protection against suspension or removal without legal cause: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/3/353
- Executive Order No. 292, Administrative Code of 1987, Book V, Title I, Subtitle A, Chapter 7, Section 46(a), legal cause and due process: https://lawphil.net/executive/execord/eo1987/eo_292_1987.html
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