Practice question
The President appoints a qualified person as Commissioner of Customs under applicable law. A challenger argues that confirmation is indispensable simply because the appointee heads a bureau. Under Sarmiento, which is correct?
- Bureau-head status alone does not place the appointment within the confirmation category
- Every bureau head must be confirmed under the 1987 Constitution
- Only the House may confirm bureau heads
- The appointee becomes a judge until confirmation
- Confirmation depends on the appointee's party affiliation
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article VII, Sections 3 and 16; Article VIII, Section 9: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
- Sarmiento III v. Mison, G.R. No. L-79974, December 17, 1987, main opinion: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1987/dec1987/gr_l-79974_1987.html
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