Practice question
A convict receives a valid pardon based on mercy, not a finding of innocence. He argues that this proves no offense was ever committed and forbids anyone from acknowledging the historical conviction. Under Monsanto, which answer is best?
- The pardon does not by itself erase the offense and conviction as historical facts.
- Every merciful pardon is a judicial finding that no offense occurred.
- The pardon automatically cancels all historical records.
- The grant means the trial never took place.
- Only a private employer can determine whether the trial happened.
Legal references
- Monsanto v. Factoran, G.R. No. 78239, February 9, 1989, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1989/feb1989/gr_78239_1989.html
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