Practice question
A final judgment imposes imprisonment. A valid presidential grant substitutes a shorter lawful prison term without declaring the defendant innocent. Which form does the described effect identify?
- Commutation
- An acquittal
- A legislative amendment to every criminal law
- An appointment
- A judicial dismissal before trial
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article VII, Section 19: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
- Revised Penal Code, Articles 94 to 96 and 113: https://lawphil.net/statutes/acts/act1930/act_3815_1930.html
- People v. Vera, G.R. No. 45685, November 16, 1937, main opinion, definitions of reprieve and commutation: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1937/nov1937/gr_45685_1937.html
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