Treaties and International Agreements

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1. For a treaty governed by Article VII, Section 21, what Senate concurrence is constitutionally required?
2. Under Pimentel, who exercises the executive act of treaty ratification, subject to the constitutional Senate concurrenc…
3. Which statement reflects Saguisag's main holding concerning executive agreements?
4. A Philippine representative signs a treaty expressly subject to ratification. The President has not decided to ratify i…
5. The President concludes a technical arrangement that validly implements an existing treaty, creates no new commitment r…
6. The executive branch calls a proposed international instrument an executive agreement. Its legal team argues that this …
7. The President approves an arrangement modeled on EDCA. Challengers contend that the Supreme Court's 2016 main decision …
8. A treaty expressly requiring ratification has been signed by an authorized Philippine representative. Petitioners claim…
9. Explain why Saguisag's recognition of executive agreements does not mean the President may avoid Senate concurrence for…
10. The President's advisers claim that the Senate itself ratifies treaties and that a concurrence resolution replaces ever…
11. In Pimentel’s description of treaty making, what is the primary function of signature when the instrument remains subje…
12. According to Pimentel, may treaty negotiations be conducted by the head of state’s authorized representatives?