Practice question
A critic says invalidity of unpublished special rules necessarily meant the joint body had no lawful procedural framework in Arroyo. Which distinction did the Court make?
- Publication defects automatically abolish every constitutional body
- The Court said all secret rules are effective
- The Court upheld proceedings without identifying any rules
- The fact-finding team became a trial court
- The special rules were ineffective, but the actual investigation was upheld under the identified existing rules
Legal references
- Arroyo v. DOJ, G.R. Nos. 199082, 199085 and 199118, July 23, 2013, main resolution: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2013/jul2013/gr_199082_2013.html; main resolution’s institutional description and quoted operative disposition.
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