Practice question
An organizer reads Penera as permission to commit violence, bribery or misuse of public property before campaigning because no election-related law can apply then. Counsel says the holding concerns a specific candidate-status timing rule. Which is best?
- Every pre-period act is immune
- The universal immunity claim exceeds the holding; independent prohibitions need separate analysis
- Violence becomes lawful after filing
- Public-property restrictions disappear
- Only the organizer determines offense elements
Legal references
- Penera November 25, 2009: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/nov2009/gr_181613_2009.html
- RA 9369 Section 13: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2007/ra_9369_2007.html
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