Practice question
An independent people’s organization has identifiable leaders and members, demonstrates capacity to promote public interest, and pursues lawful collective goals peacefully within the democratic framework. An agency rejects every opportunity for reasonable participation solely because the organization is independent of the ruling party. Which constitutional provisions most directly answer that stated rationale?
- Only private donors may decide whether the Constitution applies.
- Article XIII, Sections 15 and 16 respect independent people’s organizations and protect effective and reasonable participation.
- The Constitution requires every organization to join the ruling party first.
- Peaceful collective interests are always unlawful.
- Independence automatically removes the group from constitutional recognition.
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article XIII, Sections 13, 15, 16 and 18: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
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