Practice question
A union asserts that freedom of association means no legislature may ever recognize a limited religious exemption from compulsory union membership. It cites its own associational interests as automatically conclusive. Which response follows Victoriano's treatment of the statutory exemption before it?
- Every union-security clause is necessarily void
- The Court upheld the particular religious exemption; associational interests did not automatically defeat the accommodation
- Every worker has unconditional immunity from every union obligation
- Religious objections categorically eliminate all collective bargaining
- The Court prohibited all unions
Legal references
- Victoriano v. Elizalde Rope Workers Union, G.R. No. L-25246, September 12, 1974, main opinion: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1974/sep1974/gr_l_25246_1974.html
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