Practice question
A local office conditions an otherwise available public service on joining the mayor’s private political association. No law authorizes the condition, and the applicant refuses membership. Which principle most directly answers the coercion?
- Freedom of association includes an individual’s choice and does not generally make joining the favored private group a constitutional duty.
- The mayor automatically owns every citizen’s membership choice.
- A service counter may amend the Bill of Rights orally.
- Refusal to join proves every public qualification is lacking.
- Any lawful civic purpose permits compulsory membership without legal basis.
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article III, Section 8: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
- Victoriano v. Elizalde Rope Workers Union, G.R. No. L-25246, September 12, 1974, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1974/sep1974/gr_l_25246_1974.html
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