Practice question
A group invokes freedom of association to demand immunity for an enterprise whose actual and stipulated purpose is committing extortion. The relevant prohibition is valid, and the case concerns that criminal purpose rather than criticism or unpopular beliefs. Which response follows Article III, Section 8?
- Every organized group is immune from criminal law.
- Any group can make its purpose lawful by adopting a constitution.
- Only the group’s size determines its immunity.
- The constitutional protection concerns purposes not contrary to law; it does not immunize the stipulated criminal enterprise.
- The right protects only groups that support the incumbent government.
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article III, Section 8: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
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