Practice question
A private creditor files a fraud complaint but obtains no conviction. Before trial, an official orders the alleged debtor to serve the creditor as punishment, relying solely on Article III, Section 18(2)’s crime exception. No other lawful service obligation exists. Which is correct?
- Filing a complaint is the same as due conviction.
- The constitutional punishment exception requires due conviction; an unresolved accusation alone does not supply it.
- Every creditor may impose a criminal sentence.
- The exception applies whenever a claimant uses the word fraud.
- A complaint automatically creates lifetime private service.
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/3/353 Article III, Section 18(2).
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