Practice question
A court in a limited facial-expression case leaves a nonspeech objection for a proper actual dispute requiring evidence. An official announces that the objection has therefore been substantively approved against every future claimant. What distinction does Calleja preserve?
- Every unexamined application was conclusively validated
- Declining that facial adjudication does not itself foreclose a later proper as-applied challenge
- All later evidence is constitutionally irrelevant
- Only a law’s title may ever be challenged
- Facial review abolishes actual-case litigation
Legal references
- Calleja v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 252578 et al., December 7, 2021, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2021/dec2021/gr_252578_2021.html
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