Practice question
An ordinary economic category is defined by an objective risk criterion and includes any future business meeting it. A challenger objects solely that future entrants are not individually named. No heightened-scrutiny issue exists. Which response fits the classification principles in Chamber of Customs Brokers?
- Every future member must be named in advance.
- Only current members may ever be regulated.
- A class need not be frozen to existing conditions; an objective category may include future similarly situated members.
- Future application makes every law retroactive.
- The legislature must abandon all classifications.
Legal references
- Chamber of Customs Brokers, Inc. v. Commissioner of Customs, G.R. No. 256907, February 20, 2023, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2023/feb2023/gr_256907_2023.html
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