Practice question
An ordinary commercial classification is challenged without any suspect class or fundamental-right burden. The only evidence is that some firms preferred the old regime; no persuasive proof of arbitrariness rebuts the law’s rational modernization basis. The challenger demands invalidation solely because opposition exists. Under Chamber of Customs Brokers, which is sound?
- Opposition automatically proves unconstitutionality.
- Preference for the former regime alone does not overcome the law’s rational basis and presumption of validity.
- Every economic law is immune from any review.
- The majority of affected firms may amend the Constitution by petition.
- A court must invalidate any law with unequal effects.
Legal references
- Chamber of Customs Brokers, Inc. v. Commissioner of Customs, G.R. No. 256907, February 20, 2023, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2023/feb2023/gr_256907_2023.html
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