Practice question
A challenger claims that permitting a declarant or authorized agent to sign goods declarations necessarily violates customs brokers’ equal protection because the law formerly reserved that role to brokers. Under Chamber of Customs Brokers, which is best?
- Every change from an earlier economic arrangement is unconstitutional.
- The Court upheld the change’s reasonable connection to legitimate customs modernization and trade-facilitation goals.
- A professional group may veto all later statutes.
- The law need not have any public objective.
- Only former exclusivity determines constitutionality.
Legal references
- Chamber of Customs Brokers, Inc. v. Commissioner of Customs, G.R. No. 256907, February 20, 2023, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2023/feb2023/gr_256907_2023.html
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