Practice question
A continuing safety law requires extra inspections for high-pressure boilers because their established explosion risk exceeds that of ordinary low-pressure equipment. It covers every operator meeting the pressure standard now or later. No heightened-scrutiny issue is presented. Which analysis is best?
- The classification is invalid because no machinery can ever be treated differently
- The classification lacks any relation to safety despite the stipulated risk
- The classification is invalid solely because some equipment needs fewer inspections
- The classification satisfies the stated requisites: relevant real differences, future coverage, and equal treatment within the class
- The classification is valid solely because every statute is immune from review
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article III, Section 1, equal protection: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/3/353
- Albano v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 257610 and UDK No. 17230, January 24, 2023, main decision, requisites of reasonable classification: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2023/jan2023/gr_257610_2023.html
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