Practice question
A city follows every required enactment formality for an ordinance, but the ordinance imposes an arbitrary and oppressive restriction on protected liberty. Does procedural compliance alone answer the substantive due process challenge?
- No; the restriction still needs sufficient constitutional justification.
- Yes; correct forms conclusively establish validity.
- Yes; police power is wholly exempt from due process.
- No; every ordinance is automatically void.
- Yes; the mayor's signature replaces substantive review.
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article III, section 1, https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
- White Light Corporation v. City of Manila, G.R. No. 122846, January 20, 2009, Part III(B), https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/jan2009/gr_122846_2009.html
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