Practice question
A tribunal finally resolves a company's liability for a specified violation committed in 2024. A new complaint concerns distinct acts first committed in 2025, not adjudicated or necessarily decided earlier. The facts establish a different cause and no controlling common issue from the first decision. The company claims the first adjudication immunizes all future conduct. Which answer is best?
- Res judicata does not create that future immunity; the stipulated new claim and undecided issues are not barred on the asserted basis
- Every final decision grants permanent immunity from the governing statute
- The same company name alone conclusively bars all later proceedings
- All later facts must be ignored
- Finality prevents the government from applying any law to the company again
Legal references
- Ligtas v. People, G.R. No. 200751, August 17, 2015, main decision, administrative res judicata and conclusiveness of judgment: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/aug2015/gr_200751_2015.html
- Encinas v. Agustin, G.R. No. 187317, April 11, 2013, main decision, quasi-judicial adjudication distinguished from administrative investigation: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2013/apr2013/gr_187317_2013.html
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