Practice question
A final agency adjudication determines a dispute between two companies. An unrelated third company was neither a party nor in privity with either and had no interest represented there. The agency says every firm in the same industry is automatically precluded by that judgment. No separate binding regulatory rule is involved. Which answer is best?
- Industry membership always supplies party identity.
- The required party or privity connection cannot be assumed solely from operating in the same industry.
- A private stranger automatically signed every earlier pleading.
- Any final agency judgment is a statute binding all persons on all facts.
- The unrelated company must accept liability without being heard in any matter.
Legal references
- Encinas v. Agustin, G.R. No. 187317, April 11, 2013, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2013/apr2013/gr_187317_2013.html
- Ligtas v. People, G.R. No. 200751, August 17, 2015, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/aug2015/gr_200751_2015.html
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