Practice question
A specialized agency has already issued its final determination of the technical issue after the required initial process. A party follows the applicable judicial-review route. The agency invokes primary jurisdiction to demand endless repeated initial referrals solely to prevent review, identifying no legal review bar. Which answer is best?
- Primary jurisdiction always prohibits any review after agency action.
- The agency can create immunity by repeating its name.
- Every completed process must automatically begin again forever.
- The doctrine of initial agency consideration does not itself create the asserted permanent barrier to the proper judicial-review process.
- The reviewing court must accept the party’s preferred merits outcome without examination.
Legal references
- Industrial Enterprises, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 88550, April 18, 1990, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1990/apr1990/gr_88550_1990.html
- Conrad and Company, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 115115, July 18, 1995, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1995/jul1995/gr_115115_1995.html
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