Practice question
An employee was forced to sue to recover unlawfully withheld wages and protect employment rights. The tribunal explains that basis and awards attorney’s fees. Which objection is incorrect?
- The amount must follow the governing law.
- The award requires a factual basis.
- The tribunal should explain its justification.
- The statutory attorney’s-fee framework is relevant.
- The award is necessarily barred merely because no separate finding of bad faith supports moral damages.
Legal references
- Bartolome v Toyota Quezon Avenue, G.R. No. 254465, April 3, 2024, damages, attorney’s fees and separation in lieu of reinstatement: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2024/apr2024/gr_254465_2024.html
- Labor Code, DOLE consolidated 2022 edition, Articles 219, 258–260, 262–264, 274 and 278–279: https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/natlex2/files/download/15242/PHL15242%202022.pdf; Article 111.
- Civil Code, Articles 2208, 2217, 2219, 2229 and 2232: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
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