Backwages

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1. Under Article 294, full backwages for unjust dismissal include which items?
2. What is the ordinary starting point for backwages under Article 294?
3. Under Bustamante’s full-backwages rule, should earnings from other employment during the illegal-dismissal period ordin…
4. An illegally dismissed employee is actually reinstated on July 1. No separate event limits the recoverable period. What…
5. A final judgment awards separation pay instead of reinstatement because reinstatement is no longer feasible. Does that …
6. A hospital gives a probationary nurse a dismissal notice on November 29 but pays all compensation through December 31. …
7. An employer relies on old cases involving probationary teaching personnel to argue that every illegally dismissed proba…
8. Explain the purpose, components, and ordinary period of full backwages under Article 294.
9. State the C.P. Reyes rule on backwages for illegally dismissed non-academic probationary employees and its qualificatio…
10. An employer seeks to deduct an illegally dismissed employee’s earnings from another employer and to erase backwages bec…
11. Does a mere reinstatement order always mean actual reinstatement has occurred?
12. Where final salary already covers a period, should the same period automatically be treated as wholly unpaid in the bac…