Practice question
An accused says the two-person proviso conclusively convicts anyone whenever invoked, without contrary evidence being considered. Which is sound?
- Every presumption is conclusive guilt.
- The proviso eliminates all criminal elements.
- A fee alone establishes every offense.
- No recruitment evidence may ever be disputed.
- Panis identifies a disputable presumption, not automatic conviction.
Legal references
- Labor Code Articles 13(b), 40-41: https://lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1974/pd_442_1974.html
- People v. Panis, G.R. Nos. L-58674-77, July 11, 1986, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1986/jul1986/gr_l-58674_1986.html
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