Question

D. Mandatory, Prohibitory and Permissive Laws (Civil Code, Art. 5)

Question:

1. Miguel is a homeowner who wants to renovate his house. He starts construction without securing the necessary permit from the local government unit. Meanwhile, an ordinance was passed in his municipality requiring homeowners to obtain prior approval before making any structural changes to their properties. The ordinance imposes penalties for non-compliance.

Discuss the effect of the ordinance on Miguel's unauthorized construction and the consequences of his failure to secure the necessary permit. Cite relevant laws and jurisprudence in your answer.