Question

Scenario:

Juan, a Filipino citizen, obtained a judgment from a court in the United States against Carlos, a Mexican national. The judgment orders Carlos to pay Juan a certain amount of money as damages for a breach of contract. Juan now wants to enforce the foreign judgment in the Philippines.

1. What is the process for the recognition and enforcement of a foreign judgment in the Philippines?
2. What are the grounds for refusing recognition and enforcement of a foreign judgment?
3. Considering that Carlos is a Mexican national, would the fact that the judgment was obtained from the United States affect its recognition and enforcement in the Philippines? Explain.
4. If Juan successfully obtains the recognition and enforcement of the foreign judgment, what remedies are available to him to ensure that Carlos complies with the judgment?