Question

You are a lawyer representing a client who recently obtained a favorable judgment in a civil case against a foreign individual in a foreign country. Your client now wants to enforce this foreign judgment in the Philippines. Answer the following practical questions regarding the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments:

1. What are the requirements for the recognition and enforcement of a foreign judgment in the Philippines?
2. Can a foreign judgment be recognized and enforced if it is contrary to public policy in the Philippines? Explain.
3. What is the process for applying for recognition and enforcement of a foreign judgment in the Philippines?
4. What defenses may be raised by the party against whom the foreign judgment is sought to be enforced?
5. Under what circumstances can a foreign judgment be refused recognition and enforcement in the Philippines?