Question

Scenario:

Julian purchased a vacant lot in the province of Batangas. The lot was registered under Torrens title and has been fenced for years. However, Julian recently discovered that there is another person, Pedro, claiming ownership of the same lot. Pedro asserts that he inherited the lot from his grandfather who allegedly acquired it through an old Spanish title.

Question:

1. In case of a dispute between Julian and Pedro regarding the ownership of the lot, what are the legal principles and provisions under the Civil Code that may govern the resolution of their conflicting claims?