Question

John, a resident of Manila, purchased a laptop online from a seller based in Cebu. The laptop was advertised as brand new with a warranty period of one year. However, upon receiving the laptop, John discovered that it had several defects and was not functioning properly. He contacted the seller to request a refund or replacement, but the seller refused to honor the warranty, claiming that John was outside the coverage area as stated in their terms and conditions.

John is determined to enforce his rights as a consumer and seeks legal advice. As his trusted legal advisor, explain the effect and application of Article 10 of the Civil Code on the interpretation of doubtful statutes in this scenario. Specifically, discuss how Article 10 can assist John in asserting his rights as a consumer and the potential defenses or arguments that the seller may raise.