Question

Juan is a first-time business owner who recently opened a restaurant in Manila. He is not familiar with the legal requirements and regulations for operating a food establishment. One day, an inspector from the local health department visited his restaurant and discovered that Juan has been operating without the necessary permits and licenses. Juan was shocked to learn about these requirements and claimed that he was not aware of the laws and regulations regarding operating a restaurant. However, the inspector informed him that ignorance of the law is not an excuse.

Does Juan's ignorance of the law exempt him from the legal consequences of operating a restaurant without the necessary permits and licenses? Discuss the effect and application of the principle of ignorance of the law, as stated in Article 3 of the Civil Code, on Juan's situation. Cite relevant provisions of the law to support your answer.