Question

Jane, a single mother, wants to establish the filiation of her child, Mark, who was born out of wedlock. She seeks to prove the paternity of Mark to secure support and other legal rights for him. Meanwhile, David, the alleged father, contests his paternity and refuses to acknowledge Mark as his child.

Based on the provisions of the Family Code, particularly on Proof of Filiation (Family Code, Arts. 172, 173, and 175), what steps can Jane take to establish the filiation of her child, Mark? Discuss the relevant provisions of the Family Code and enumerate the procedures and evidence that Jane can utilize to prove the paternity of her child.