Question

1. On January 1, 2022, Maria gave birth to a healthy baby boy. She wants to ensure that her son acquires civil personality. What legal principles govern the commencement of civil personality in the Philippines? Discuss.

2. Juan, a Filipino citizen, was declared legally dead by the court due to his prolonged absence and unexplained disappearance. After five years, Juan suddenly reappears claiming that he is indeed alive. What are the legal effects of the reappearance of a person who has been declared dead in relation to the end of his civil personality? Explain.

3. In 2019, Ramon, a Filipino citizen, decided to become a monk and joined a religious order. He underwent the necessary religious rites and ultimately took the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. As a result, Ramon intends to renounce his civil personality and all legal rights and obligations associated with it. Can Ramon effectively terminate his civil personality? Discuss the legal consequences of renouncing civil personality.

1. Discuss the requirements and effects of a valid renunciation of civil personality under Article 42 of the Civil Code.
2. Explain the limitations on the renunciation of civil personality, as provided for in Article 41 of the Civil Code.
3. Can Ramon reacquire his previous civil personality if he decides to leave the religious order and revert to his normal secular life? Discuss the legal implications of such reacquisition.