Question

Mr. Santos and Ms. Reyes were in a long-term relationship but were never married. During their relationship, Ms. Reyes became pregnant with twins. After giving birth, she named Mr. Santos as the father of the twins on their birth certificates. However, Mr. Santos refused to acknowledge paternity and denied his relationship with Ms. Reyes.

As the attorney representing Ms. Reyes, discuss the legal remedies available to establish the paternity and filiation of the twins in accordance with the Family Code, particularly Article 163. Explain the concepts of paternity, filiation, and legitimacy as defined under Philippine law and discuss the specific legal provisions and procedures that Ms. Reyes can utilize to prove paternity and secure the rights and privileges of her children.