Question

M. Conflict of Laws (Civil Code, arts. 15-18) - Jurisdiction, Forum Non Conveniens

Scenario:

Alice, a resident of the Philippines, enters into a contract with Bob, a resident of the United States. The contract contains a clause stating that any disputes arising from the contract shall be brought before the courts of the Philippines. However, a dispute eventually arises between Alice and Bob, and Bob files a lawsuit against Alice in a court in the United States. Alice argues that the Philippines is the more appropriate forum to hear the case.

Question:

1. Discuss the concept of jurisdiction in conflict of laws, particularly in relation to the principle of forum non conveniens. Analyze the factors that a court considers when determining whether to exercise its jurisdiction or decline jurisdiction in favor of another forum, as well as the potential remedies available to a party seeking to challenge the chosen forum.