Question

Victor inherited a piece of land from his late father. He was unaware that there was an existing claim on the property by another person named Carlos. Victor, believing that he is the rightful owner, took possession of the land and started building a house on it. Meanwhile, Carlos filed a complaint against Victor for unlawful possession.

Discuss the elements and effects of possession as defined under the Civil Code. Analyze the rights and obligations of Victor and Carlos in relation to the disputed property. How could the concept of possession be used to determine the rightful owner of the land? Cite the appropriate provisions of the Civil Code to support your answer.