Question

I. EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS - C. Retroactivity of Laws (Civil Code, Art. 4), Vested Rights Principle

Scenario:

John owns a piece of residential property in City A. He has been residing there for the past five years. City A recently passed a new zoning ordinance that reclassifies John's property from residential to commercial use. The new ordinance also imposes stricter regulations and higher taxes for commercial properties.

John is concerned about the retroactive application of the zoning ordinance and its effect on his vested rights as a residential property owner. He seeks legal advice to understand the implications of the new law on his situation.

Question:

Discuss the principle of retroactivity of laws and the vested rights principle in relation to John's case. Explain how these principles should be applied and analyze the effect of the new zoning ordinance on John's vested rights as a residential property owner.