Question

In accordance with Article 1314 of the Civil Code of the Philippines, which covers the topic of tortious interference, consider the following scenarios:

1. Mark is the owner of a small business that manufactures and sells handmade soaps. He has been enjoying a good reputation in the market and has several loyal customers. However, Mark's competitor, Sarah, starts spreading false rumors that Mark's soaps contain harmful chemicals. As a result, Mark's sales significantly decline, and he loses valuable customers. Can Mark take legal action against Sarah for tortious interference?
2. Jane and Alice are both employees of a marketing firm. Jane has been consistently outshining Alice, receiving praise from clients and recognition from their superiors. Out of jealousy, Alice starts intentionally sabotaging Jane's projects, spreading false information about her work to clients, and damaging her professional reputation. Can Jane seek legal recourse against Alice for tortious interference?
3. Michael is a well-known singer signed under a record label. He has a contractual agreement with the label that prohibits him from performing in other venues without their consent. However, another record label approaches Michael and offers him a lucrative deal to perform exclusively for their label. Michael decides to accept the offer without informing his current record label. Can Michael's current record label claim tortious interference against the other label?