Question

A local government passed an ordinance regulating the operation of food delivery services within its jurisdiction. The ordinance states that it shall take effect upon publication in a local newspaper of general circulation. The local government secretary signed the ordinance on January 1, 2023, and it was published in the local newspaper on January 10, 2023. The ordinance imposes various requirements and penalties on food delivery services, including obtaining a permit and following certain safety guidelines.

1. Is the ordinance considered valid and effective as of its signing by the local government secretary on January 1, 2023? Explain your answer.

2. When does the ordinance take effect and become binding on food delivery services within the jurisdiction? Discuss the significance of publication in this case.

3. Suppose a food delivery service started operating within the jurisdiction on January 5, 2023, before the publication of the ordinance. Are they bound by the requirements and penalties imposed by the ordinance? Explain your answer.