Question

D. Surnames (Civil Code, arts. 364-380, Family Code, arts. 176, 189 and 193, R.A. No. 9048, R.A. No. 10172)

Scenario:

John and Maria got married and decided to combine their surnames. John's surname is "Gomez" and Maria's surname is "Sanchez". They sought legal advice on the proper procedure to follow in combining their surnames in accordance with the law.

1. Explain the process that John and Maria should undertake to legally combine their surnames. Discuss the applicable provisions of the Civil Code, Family Code, and relevant Republic Acts.

2. Can John and Maria change the sequence of their surnames when combining them? Discuss the limitations, if any, imposed by the law regarding the sequence of surnames in a combined surname.

3. What are the requirements and procedures for changing a person's surname under R.A. No. 9048? Provide a step-by-step guide in changing one's surname under this law.

4. Under what circumstances can a person change his or her own surname based on substantial and continuous use of a different surname? Discuss the provisions of R.A. No. 10172 and the requirements that need to be satisfied for a change of surname based on substantial and continuous use.

5. Discuss the rights and obligations of John and Maria's children in relation to their combined surname. Are there any legal implications or limitations that may affect their children's rights and obligations in connection to their surname?