Practice question
What does publication generally require for written defamation?
- That a national newspaper print it in every province.
- Communication of the defamatory matter to someone other than the person defamed.
- That the accused receive money.
- That the complainant be convicted of a crime.
- That every reader agree with it.
Legal references
- Revised Penal Code, Act No. 3815, specified articles, as amended: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/20426; Articles 353–355, 358–359 and 361.
- RA 10951, current amended RPC provisions and monetary thresholds: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2017/ra_10951_2017.html; amended honor-offense fines.
- Orillo v People, G.R. No. 206905, January 30, 2023, main decision, libel and qualified privilege: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2023/jan2023/gr_206905_2023.html
- Causing v People, G.R. No. 258524, April 8, 2026, en banc main resolution on reconsideration, cyberlibel prescription and discovery: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2026/apr2026/gr_258524_2026.html
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