Practice question
A court enters a final judgment for a surviving civil claim after proper substitution. The claimant insists it may bypass estate-claim procedure solely because the obligation originated in events also charged criminally. Which is sound?
- Enforcement must follow the rule’s prescribed manner for claims against the deceased’s estate.
- Criminal allegations automatically authorize seizure of every heir’s personal property.
- Proper substitution eliminates all collection procedure.
- The civil judgment automatically becomes a personal prison term for relatives.
- The estate process never applies after death.
Legal references
- Rules of Court, Rule 111 Sections 2-4, civil claims and death of accused: https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/rc_110-127_crim.html
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