Practice question
A pardoned convict claims the executive instrument necessarily changed the judicial verdict into an acquittal. What does Monsanto teach?
- Forgiveness does not erase the historical conviction
- Every pardon is a judicial acquittal
- The President becomes an appellate court
- The trial record must automatically be destroyed
- The conviction becomes a civil case
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution VII19 and IX-C5: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
- Monsanto v Factoran GR78239 February9,1989 MAIN: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1989/feb1989/gr_78239_1989.html
- Revised Penal Code, relevant Articles: https://lawphil.net/statutes/acts/act1930/act_3815_1930.html Articles36 and89.
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