Practice question
Three people could benefit from a victim’s death. The prosecution proves only that one accused was a beneficiary and no reliable participation evidence. What does motive doctrine require?
- No need for evidence of the act
- Automatic conviction of every beneficiary
- A presumption that the largest beneficiary killed
- Proof of the offense and participation beyond motive alone
- The accused must prove another beneficiary guilty
Legal references
- People v. Ballesteros, GR120921, January29 1998, main decision, intent and motive: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1998/jan1998/gr_120921_1998.html
- Revised Penal Code, Articles3-4 and49, as applicable: https://lawphil.net/statutes/acts/act1930/act_3815_1930.html
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