Practice question
A later event is described as surprising, but no evidence shows it independently caused the fatal result or broke the assault’s continuous chain. Is surprise alone an efficient-cause finding?
- Yes, a later date conclusively establishes independence
- Yes, anything surprising automatically acquits
- Only the adjective matters
- Yes, no medical proof is ever needed
- No
Legal references
- Revised Penal Code, Articles3-4 and49, as applicable: https://lawphil.net/statutes/acts/act1930/act_3815_1930.html
- Quinto v. Andres, GR155791, March16 2005, main decision, criminal causation: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/mar2005/gr_155791_2005.html
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