Practice question
Does Article13(7) identify voluntary surrender and voluntary confession before the court as distinct mitigating circumstances?
- Yes; they have distinct requirements and may each be appreciated when properly established.
- No; a guilty plea always replaces every inquiry into surrender.
- No; neither can ever mitigate liability.
- No; surrender is only a kind of acquittal.
- Yes; either automatically erases the offense.
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/statutes/acts/act1930/act_3815_1930.html — Revised Penal Code Article13(2) and(7).
- https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/70223 — Loza v. People, G.R.258592, August12 2025, MAIN en banc opinion, voluntary surrender and totality of circumstances.
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