Philippine Bar review · Question

Practice question: Alternative Circumstances

Essay Medium Jurisprudence

Practice question

A defendant invokes low educational attainment as an automatic mitigating circumstance in every crime. Explain how Article 15 should instead be applied.

Legal references

  • Revised Penal Code, Act No. 3815, specified articles, as amended: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/20426; Articles 15 and 62.
  • Ilayat v People, G.R. No. 259916, July 25, 2025, en banc main decision, intoxication proof: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/70091

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