Practice question
A mother knowingly profits from the effects of her son's felony, with all elements of accessory liability under Article 19(1) proved. Explain why Article 20 is not an automatic defense, and distinguish the mother's status from participation as a principal.
Legal references
- Revised Penal Code, Act No. 3815, specified articles, as amended: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/20426; Articles 19, 20 and 332.
- Intestate Estate of Manolita Gonzales Vda. de Carungcong v People, G.R. No. 181409, February 11, 2010, main decision, necessary means and falsification-estafa: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/feb2010/gr_181409_2010.html
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