Practice question
A third party makes a valid payment expressly accepted by the victim in full satisfaction of the civil award. No defect or unpaid balance is established. The victim demands the identical award again solely because the payer was not the offender. Which is best?
- Apply the established payment’s civil effect; the payer’s identity alone does not permit collecting the same satisfied award again.
- Every third-party payment must be disregarded.
- Full satisfaction is impossible unless the offender personally delivers cash.
- A paid award must always be collected twice.
- The payment necessarily acquits the offender.
Legal references
- Revised Penal Code, Articles 38, 112 and 113, cited civil-payment and extinction rules: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/20426
- Civil Code, Articles 774-776, 1216-1220, 1231-1238, 1288 and 1292, as particularly relevant: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html
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