Practice question
In a BP22 prosecution, the evidence establishes beyond reasonable doubt an accused’s intentional inducement and active assistance implementing the charged common scheme. The defense invokes only the fact that the accused did not personally sign every check. Does that alone defeat possible conspirator liability?
- Yes, special-law status forbids conspiracy in all cases
- Yes, only a signature can ever establish participation
- Yes, inducement is legally irrelevant
- No
- Yes, all nonsignatories are automatically innocent regardless of participation
Legal references
- Revised Penal Code, Articles 8, 10 and 22, as applicable: https://lawphil.net/statutes/acts/act1930/act_3815_1930.html
- Ladonga v. People, GR 141066, February 17, 2005, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/feb2005/gr_141066_2005.html
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